Nectarine tree named &#39;0322e82nb&#39;

ABSTRACT

A new and distinct variety of white nectarine tree denominated ‘0322E82NB’ has fruits with high eating quality and very long shelf life without alteration before and after harvesting, with a semi-sweet white flesh, with a slightly red pigmentation into the stone cavity and a star-shaped red pigmentation around the stone cavity, and an attractive luminous and homogenous skin with a high percentage of purple red blush on skin surface, on a light red background.

BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica.

VARIETY DENOMINATION

‘0322E82NB’.

BACKGROUND OF THE NEW VARIETY

The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of white nectarine tree, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica., which has been given the variety denomination ‘0322E82NB’.

This new tree produces fruits with a long shelf life without alteration both on the tree after growth completion and after harvesting, very good eating quality, clingstone white flesh fruits with a slightly red pigmentation for fresh market mid-October in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France.

ORIGIN OF THE VARIETY

The ‘0322E82NB’ white nectarine tree originated from a cultivated area of the south of France, in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, where it was tested.

This place is under a Mediterranean climate (a temperate area), on the Mediterranean coastline. Winters are gentle and summers warm and dry. The amount of days with temperatures below 7° Celsius can vary between 600 and 1200 hours per year. The place is sunny, with 2400 to 2800 hours of sunny days per year on average. The prevailing wind is called ‘Tramontane’: it dries the air, clears the sky from clouds, but its intensity can be strong and affect the harvest, fruit quantity and/or quality. Marine moisture does not affect the place. Precipitations are irregular through the year and from one year to another. The amount of rainy days does not exceed 80 days per year, and are mostly found in Spring and Autumn. In May and October, very intense precipitations occasionally happen. Summer is dry with a few thunderstorms.

‘0322E82NB’ was provisionally designated, tested and genetically identified by a genetic profile, under number 03.22E.82.10.

The ‘0322E82NB’ variety was obtained by hybridizing and propagated by grafting on a “INRA® GF677”’ rootstock trees. It has been determined to have unique tree and fruit characteristics making it worthy for commercial fresh fruit production. There are no known effects of the standard rootstock trees set forth above on the scion cultivar. Asexually propagated plants remained true to the original tree and all characteristics of the tree and the fruit were transmitted. The plant was reproduced asexually by us in Les Régalines, Route d′Alenya, La Prade de Mousseillous, 66200 ELNE, Pyrénées-Orientales, France. More particularly, the plant was reproduced by grafting.

SUMMARY OF THE VARIETY

The new and distinct variety ‘0322E82NB’ white nectarine tree blooms mid-March near Elne in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France. More particularly, in 2011, it bloomed between 10th and 19th of March, in 2012 between March 26th and April 4th. The blooming period is considered late to very late. However, it was observed that its late date of blooming seems to be highly dependant on climatic conditions.

The first fruit of ‘0322E82NB’ ripens generally in the beginning or middle of October. More particularly, it usually ripens between October 7th and October 12th. However, it was observed that its date of maturity seems to be highly dependant on climatic conditions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawing, which are as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make in a color illustration of this type:

FIG. 1 is a color photograph that shows a close view of typical specimens of the fruit of the new variety ‘0322E82NB’ at ripening time.

FIG. 2 is a color photograph which depicts the flower buds at different development stages, and the reverse and side view of the flower and the reproductive organs with petals removed, of the new variety.

FIG. 3 is a color photograph of the stone of the new variety.

Due to chemical development, processing and printing, the flowers, stones and fruits depicted in these photographs may or may not be accurate when compared to the actual botanical specimen.

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

The tree, flowers, and fruit may vary in slight detail due to variations in soil type, cultural practices, and climatic condition. The potential for commercial production of fresh fruits by ‘0322E82NB’ is high, due to fruit very long shelf life without alteration after harvesting.

Trees are vigorous and large stature half-standing in a semi-flared to semi-upright out aspect. The anthocyanic coloration of flowering shoot is present excluding brushwood side away from sun. The time of beginning of flowering is considered late, to very late; flowering begins at the middle of March. The type of flower is showy with medium petal size. Petals are medium pink. Leaf glands are present and reniform. The fruit flesh is greenish white generally with a slightly red pigmentation into and in a star shape around the stone cavity. The fruit skin is very thick, with a luminous and homogenous red purple blush on a light red cream background. The stone is clingstone and his size is medium to large. Fruit taste is semi-sweet, very aromatic and with a high level of sugars.

Compared to ‘NECTARDUCHESSE’ variety (not patented), ‘0322E82NB’ variety blooms 6 days later and the fruits of ‘0322E82NB’ variety ripen 15 days later than ‘NECTARDUCHESSE’ fruits. The maturity of ‘0322E82NB’ variety is considered late.

The fruit color of the new ‘0322E82NB’ variety is more purple red on 80 to 85 percent of the skin, on a light red background, whereas ‘NECTARDUCHESSE’ fruits are colored in a pink red on 50 to 70 percent of the skin, on a cream background.

Compared to ‘NECTARDREAM’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 23,240) variety, ‘0322E82NB’ variety blooms 13 days after. Moreover, the fruits of ‘0322E82NB’ variety ripen approximately 75 days later than the fruits of ‘NECTARDREAM’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 23,240).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring more specifically to the pomological details of this new and distinct variety of white nectarine tree, the following was observed on trees in their third growing season (second year of production) under the ecological conditions prevailing at the orchards located near the town of Elne, Pyrénées-Orientales department, France.

All observations have been done on rootstock cultivars. Used rootstocks were “INRA® GF677” trees. All major color code designations are by reference to The R.H.S. Color Chart (Fourth Edition) provided by The Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain.

-   Tree:     -   -   Size.—Generally. — Considered large. The tree size the first             year was approximately 200 to 280 cm. The tree was pruned             during each following dormant season to a height of             approximately 250 cm. Current season shoots growth could             reach 80 cm. The tree size from the second year (second and             next years) reached a final height of 330 cm including             current season shoots length. The tree size is consistently             reduces to 250 cm the next years.         -   Spread.—Approximately 100 cm with a cylindrical shape. The             whole orchard was oriented to a central leader organization,             with tree lines spaced of 4.0 meters and trees spaced of 1.0             meter in a same tree line. As a result, tree spread was             about 100 cm and the orchard contained 2500 trees by             hectare.         -   Vigor.—Considered strong.         -   Productivity.—Very Productive and regular, every year. Fruit             set is spaced by thinning to develop the remaining fruit             into the desired market sized fruit. The number of the fruit             set varies with the prevailing climatic conditions and             cultural practices employed during the bloom period, and is             therefore not distinctive of the present variety.         -   Bearer.—Very regular. The fruit distribution is considered             homogenous on mixed branches and spurs having more than 1             year. Thinning of 2 fruits out of 3 was necessary for the             tree valorisation. Thinning was necessary every year during             the years of observation.         -   Form.—The ‘0322E82NB’ variety has naturally a semi-flared to             semi-upright shape.         -   Density.—Considered dense.         -   Hardiness.—The present tree was grown and evaluated in             France. The variety appears to be hardy under the central             Pyrénées-Orientales departement typical climatic conditions.             Experimentations on different sites with winter chilling             requirement comprised between 350 hours and 1200 hours             showed a good behaviour of the tree in all cases. No damages             were caused by ascertained temperatures as low as −12             degrees Celsius in winter. The tree was also very resistant             to frosty springtime weather. -   Trunk:     -   -   Diameter.—Approximately between 10.0 and 11.0 centimeters in             diameter when measured at a distance of approximately 20             centimeters above the soil level.         -   Bark texture.—Considered slightly rough, with lenticels.         -   Lenticels.—Numerous lenticels are present. The number of             lenticels reaches 2 or 3 lenticels per cm². The lenticels             range in size from approximately 4.0 to 5.0 millimeters in             width, and about 2.0 millimeters in height.         -   Lenticel color.—The outside of lenticels has a silver-grey             color (RHS Grey 201 C), whereas the inside is considered             brown (RHS Greyed Orange 166 B).         -   Bark coloration.—The bark has a silver-grey color (RHS Grey             201 B to 201 C) similar to the outside of lenticels color. -   Branches:     -   -   Size.—Mature branches and current season shoots are             considered medium for the variety. The length of mature             branches is between 70.0 and 100 centimeters.         -   Diameter.—Average as compared to other nectarine varieties.             The current season shoots have a diameter from 5.0 to 7.0             millimeters, and mature branches have a diameter from 25.0             to 30.0 millimeters.         -   Surface texture.—Average, wood which is several years old             has no furrowed appearance.         -   Crotch angles.—Primary branches are considered variable, but             the crotch angles are generally between 60 degrees and 80             degrees from the horizontal axis. This particular             characteristic is not considered distinctive of the variety,             however.         -   Current season shoots.—.         -   Internode length.—Generally between 20.0 and 28.0             millimeters.         -   Color of mature branches.—Medium brown (RHS Grey Brown 199             A).         -   Current seasons shoots.—Color. — The color of new shoot tips             is considered yellow-green (RHS Yellow Green 145 A) on lower             part of new shoot tips, whereas the upper part is darker and             colored in brown-purple to red purple (RHS Greyed Red 182 B             to RHS Greyed Red 182 C), depending on the level on the tip. -   Leaves:     -   -   Size.—Considered large for the species. The ratio leaf             length/leaf width is 3.98.         -   Leaf length.—Approximately 186.0 to 225.0 millimeters with             leaf petiole. The medium length is about 200 millimeters.         -   Leaf width.—Approximately 45.0 to 57.0 millimeters. The             medium width is 50.3 millimeters.         -   Leaf base shape.—Concave.         -   Leaf form.—Lanceolate.         -   Leaf tip form.—Short, pointed and acuminate.         -   Leaf color.—Upper leaf surface. — Yellow Green (RHS Yellow             Green 147 A). Lower surface. — A lighter green (RHS Yellow             Green 146A) than the upper leaf surface color.         -   Leaf texture.—Smooth and glabrous.         -   Leaf venation.—Pinnately veined.         -   Mid-vein.—Color. — Light green, almost cream white (RHS             Yellow Green 145D). The color may evolve with maturity.         -   Leaf margins.—Slightly undulating.         -   Form.—Considered slightly dentate.         -   Uniformity.—Leaves are isolated or grouped by 2 or 3. In             this last case, one leaf of normal size is found with one or             two smaller leaves (at least 50% smaller).         -   Leaf petioles.—Size. — Considered medium to small. Length. —             About 9.0 to about 11.0 millimeters. Diameter. — About 2.0             millimeters.         -   Petioles color.—Upper petiole surface. — Light green (RHS             Yellow Green 144 A). Lower surface. — Light green (RHS             Yellow Green 145 A).         -   Leaf glands.—Size. — Considered small to medium. Their             length is about 1.0 millimeter and their width is about 1.0             millimeter. Number. — Generally 2 or 3 glands per leaf.             Type. — Reniform. Color. — On young leaves, leaf glands             color is considered a light green (RHS Green 145 B). On             older leaves, leaf glands color turns to a dark brown (RHS             Grey Brown 199 A to RHS Grey Brown 199 B). Margins. — Smooth             and regular.         -   Leaf stipules.—Generally. — No leaf stipules were observed.             But as seen in the characteristic relative to the leaves             uniformity, it is possible to find leaves by groups of 2 or             3, with a normal-size leaf and smaller ones. -   Flowers:     -   -   Flower buds.—Generally. — At pre-floral stage of             development, the floral buds are conic in form with a round             tip. Their form is evolving until blooming, with variables             dimensions. Just before blooming, floral buds are             approximately 8.0 to 9.0 millimeters wide and approximately             19.0 to 20.0 millimeters long. Color. — This characteristic             is dependent upon the proximity to bloom. At pre-floral             stage of development, the bottom of the flowers buds, formed             by the sepals, is of purple-brown color (RHS Greyed Purple             183 A to RHS Greyed Purple 183 B or RHS Grey Brown Group 199             A). The corolla, formed by the petals, is generally of             medium pink color (RHS Red Purple 65 A to Red Purple 65 B to             Red Purple 65 C). Petals color shows an evolution until the             end of flowering.         -   Hardiness.—The buds are considered hardy under typical             central Pyrénées-Orientales departement climatic conditions.             No winter injury was noted during the last several years of             evaluation in the central Pyrénées-Orientales departement,             with winter temperatures as low as −10 degrees Celsius in             January. The current variety has not been intentionally             subjected to drought or heat stress, but the variety showed             a very good resistance in orchard to temperatures up to 42             degrees Celsius with an average temperature between 28 and             30 degrees Celsius during 3 weeks in summer.         -   Date of bloom.—The blooming time generally begins at the end             of February or early in March. The first bloom was observed             on Feb. 21, 2003.         -   Blooming time.—Considered late to very late in relative             comparison to other commercial nectarine cultivars grown in             the Pyrénées-Orientales departement, France. The date of             full bloom is observed generally at the middle of the             blooming period. The date of bloom varies slightly with             climatic conditions and cultural practices. Thus the full             bloom was observed in 2011, from March 10 until March 19 and             from March 26 until April 4 in 2012.         -   Duration of bloom.—Approximately 10 days. This             characteristic varies slightly with the prevailing climatic             conditions.         -   Flower type.—The variety is considered to have a showy type             flower.         -   Flower size.—Considered large. Flower diameter at full bloom             is approximately 34.0 to 40.0 millimeters.         -   Bloom quantity.—Considered abundant, approximately between             30 and 35 flowers per meter, with a good distribution and a             high rate of fruit set.         -   Flower bud frequency.—Generally 2 flower buds appear per             node, occasionally 1.         -   Petal size.—Generally. — Considered medium.         -   Length.—Generally 20.0 to 21.0 millimeters.         -   Width.—Generally 18.0 to 19.0 millimeters.         -   Petal form.—Round-shaped.         -   Petal count.—Generally 5.         -   Petal texture.—Smooth, soft and glabrous.         -   Petal color.—Both surfaces of the petal are colored with a             medium Pink (RHS Red Purple 65 B to RHS Red Purple 65 C)             when young, becoming slightly darker until the end of             blooming.         -   Fragrance.—Sweet.         -   Petal claw.—Form. — The claw is considered to have a             triangular form, narrow at the base. Length. — About 2.0             millimeters. Width. — About 1.0 millimeter at the base.             Color. — Purple red (RHS Red Purple 73 B to RHS Red Purple             73 C).         -   Petal margins.—Generally considered wavy, sinuate.         -   Petal apex.—Generally. — The petal apices are generally             round-shaped.         -   Flower pedicel.—Length. — Considered medium to large and             having an average length of approximately 2.0 to 3.0             millimeters. Diameter. — Considered average, approximately             1.5 to 2.0 millimeters. Color. — Brown or light brown (RHS             N199 C or RHS N 199 D).         -   Calyx.—Internal surface texture. — Smooth and glabrous.             Color. — The inner surface of the calyx is green yellow (RHS             Yellow Group 13 A to RHS Yellow Group 13 B or RHS Yellow             Green 150 A to RHS Yellow Green 150 B). The outer surface of             the calyx is considered of purple-brown (RHS Greyed Purple             183 A) color.         -   Sepals.—Surface texture. — The outer surface has a short,             fine pubescent texture. Size. — Average. Length. — Between             5.0 and 6.0 millimeters. Width. — Between 4.0 and 5.0             millimeters. Form. — Oval. Color. — Both sides of sepals are             colored with a matt Red (RHS Greyed Purple 183 A to RHS             Greyed Purple 183 C or RHS Grey Purple 187 B).         -   Average number of stamens per flower.—Approximately 36 to 42             stamens per flower.         -   Anthers.—Generally. — Small or medium in length. Color. — At             an early stage of maturity, anthers are colored with an             orange yellow (RHS Yellow Orange 16 A to RHS Yellow Orange             16 B) or an orange red to red color (RHS Red Group N 34 A or             RHS Greyed Red Group 178 A). The color may evolve with             maturity to turn in a yellow color.         -   Pollen production.—Pollen is abundant, and has a orange             yellow color (Approximately RHS Yellow Orange 17 B to RHS             Yellow Orange 17 C) which may evolve with maturity. The             present variety is considered auto-fertile             (self-pollinating).         -   Filaments.—Size. — Medium length, between 11.0 and 17.0             millimeters in length. Filaments length is generally the             same or slightly higher than the pistil's length.         -   Color.—Considered white (RHS White N 155 D) or red purple             (RHS Red Purple 62 C to RHS Red Purple 62 D). The color             becomes darker during the blooming.         -   Pistil.—Number. — Usually 1. Generally. — Average in size.             Length. — Approximately 19.0 to 21.0 millimeters including             the ovary. Generally equal to stamen length, if not slightly             smaller. Color. — Considered a very pale green (RHS Yellow             Green Group 151 D). The color evolves during the blooming,             becoming more light (RHS Yellow Green Group 150 D) and             sometimes very slightly pink (RHS Red Group 36D). Surface             texture. — Glabrous. -   Fruit:     -   -   Maturity when described.—Very firm in ripe conditions             (shipping ripe).         -   Date of first picking.—Oct. 7, 2010.         -   Date of last picking.—The date of harvest varies slightly             with the prevailing climatic conditions. The ‘0322E82NB’             variety has a late date of picking, and a grouped maturity.             The maturity is grouped within 10 days and the harvest is             generally performed in two runs. Last known picking times             carry on Oct. 7 to Oct 12, 2010, then Sep., 15 to Sep. 22,             2011, on Oct. 6 to Oct. 13, 2012, on Oct. 2 to Oct. 9, 2013.         -   Size.—Generally. — Homogeneous in size. Considered large to             very large.         -   Average cheek diameter.—Approximately 73.0 to 77.0             millimeters.         -   Average axial diameter.—Approximately 68.0 to 72.0             millimeters.         -   Typical weight.—Generally about 200.0 to 220.0 grams. This             characteristic is high dependent upon the prevailing             cultural practices, and therefore is not particularly             distinctive of the variety.         -   Fruit form.—Generally. — Round. The fruit is generally             uniform in symmetry, viewed from the suture's plane.         -   Suture.—         -   Fruit suture.—Wide-mouthed and slightly marked, extending             from the base to the apex. No apparent callousing or             stitching exists along the suture line. Not pointed. Color.             — The suture has generally a similar color to the whole             fruit color, a luminous purple red (RHS Greyed Purple 187             A).         -   Ventral surface.—Form. — Smooth.         -   Apex.—Non-prominent, small and generally slightly depressed.         -   Base.—Semi-flared, shallow.         -   Stem cavity.—Average depth of the stem cavity is about 15.0             to 18.0 millimeters. Average width is about 18.0 to 21.0             millimeters.         -   Fruit skin.—Thickness. — Considered very thick and strong,             and the adherence of skin to flesh is strong to medium,             depending on the fruit maturity. Texture. — Smooth. Taste. —             Semi-sweet, with a high level of sugars. Tendency to crack.             — None observed.         -   Color.—Blush color. — This blush color is a luminous purple             red (RHS Greyed Purple 187 A). The purple red blush covers             80% to 85% of the fruit skin surface on a light or washed             red background (RHS Orange Red N34 A) on approximately 10%             of the fruit skin surface. A small surface of the fruit             skin, approximately 5%, is colored in yellow green (RHS             Yellow Green 150 D). The percentage of the blush on the             fruit skin surface can vary, and is generally dependant upon             the prevailing conditions under which the fruit was grown.             Ground color. — The ground color covers approximately 10% of             the fruit skin surface, and is considered light or washed             red (RHS Orange Red N34 A).         -   Fruit stem.—Medium in length, approximately 8.0 millimeters.         -   Diameter.—Approximately 4.0 millimeters.         -   Color.—Pale green (RHS Yellow Green 145A).         -   Flesh.—Ripens. — Very homogenously, slowly. The flesh has a             long shelf life. Texture. — Very firm, very dense, crunchy,             melting, juicy at harvest maturity stage. Fibers. — Not             fibrous. Aroma. — Pronounced. Eating quality. — Considered             very good, aromatic and with a high level of sugars. Flavor.             — Considered semi-sweet. The Brix is generally superior to             15 and acidity comprised between 6 and 9 meq/100 ml. Juice.             — Very juicy at complete maturity. Brix. — Generally 15.0 to             17.0 degrees. This characteristic varies slightly with the             number of fruit per tree; prevailing cultural practices; and             the surrounding climatic conditions. Flesh color. — White             flesh (RHS White 157 C) usually a slightly red pigmentation             (RHS Red 46 A) into the stone cavity and in a star shape             around the stone cavity. -   Stone:     -   -   Type.—Clingstone, more or less adherent depending on the             fruit maturity.         -   Size.—Considered medium to large for the variety. The stone             size varies significantly depending upon the tree vigor,             crop load and prevailing growing conditions.         -   Length.—Approximately 29.0 to 31 millimeters.         -   Width.—Approximately 24.0 to 26.0 millimeters.         -   Diameter.—Approximately 17.0 to 19.0 millimeters.         -   Form.—Elliptic.         -   Base.—Straight, large and flattened.         -   Apex.—Shape. — The stone apex is slanting, short, pointed.         -   Stone cavity.—Considered medium size, with an ovate-form and             dimensions corresponding to the stone's dimensions.         -   Stone surface.—Surface texture. — The pit is transversely             furrowed on its entire surface. Furrows are more pronounced             toward the apex. The stone is pitted toward the base. Relief             is prominent generally and present basally. Ridges. — The             surface texture is generally characterized by more prominent             ridges along the ventral edges and is more prominent at the             apical tip.         -   Ventral edge.—Width. — Considered very prominent, and having             a dimension of approximately 3.0 to 4.0 millimeters at             mid-suture.         -   Dorsal edge.—Shape. — Grooved.         -   Stone color.—The color of the dry stone is generally             considered light orange brown (RHS Greyed Orange 164 A or             RHS Greyed Orange 165 B).         -   Tendency to split.—Splitting is very low or absent,             depending on climatic conditions between blooming period and             stone hardening.         -   Kernel.—Size. — The kernel is considered medium to large.             Length. — Approximately 16.0 millimeters. Width. —             Approximately 12.0 millimeters. Thickness. — Approximately             6.0 millimeters. Form. — Considered flattened and elliptic.             Pellicle. — The pellicle of the kernel has a short             pubescence. Color. — The kernel skin is orange-brown colored             (RHS Greyed Orange N167 A to RHS Greyed Orange N167 B). The             almond, which is the seed of the kernel, is white (RHS White             155 B) and has a bitter tasting. The kernel and its embryo             are mature at the time of fruit maturity.         -   Use.—The subject variety ‘0322E82NB’ is considered to be a             white nectarine tree of the very late season of maturity,             and which produces fruits that are considered firm,             attractively colored with a very luminous purple red. Fruits             have a semi-sweet taste and are excellent for uncooked             consumption, crunchy or melting when at full maturity.             Fruits have excellent gustative qualities. Due to their             flesh quality, firmness and density, they can also be             commercialized as 4^(th) range product (packed fruit or             fruit in bags for example). And they are also useful for             both local and very long distance shipping.         -   Keeping quality.—Remarkable. Fruit have a slow maturation             and a long shelf life both on the tree after growth             completion and after harvesting without alteration. After             growth completion, fruits are preserved more than one week.             After harvest, fruits are well preserved more than 4 weeks             at 2.0 degree Celsius.         -   Shipping quality.—Considered very good. The fruit of the new             white nectarine variety showed minimal bruising of the flesh             or skin damage after being subjected to normal harvesting             and packing procedures. Its resistance to handling during             harvest and packing and its long shelf life without             alteration after harvest easily permit 3 to 4 weeks-shipping             at 2 degrees Celsius.         -   Resistance to insects and disease.—No particular             susceptibilities were noted. The present variety is not very             sensitive to powdery mildew, or conservation diseases and             decay due to its thick and strong skin.

Although the new variety of nectarine tree possesses the described characteristics when grown under the ecological conditions prevailing near Elne, Pyrénées-Orientales departement, France, it should be understood that variations of the usual magnitude and characteristics incident to changes in growing conditions, fertilization, pruning, pest control and horticultural management are to be expected. 

I claim:
 1. A new and distinct variety of white nectarine tree as illustrated and described, characterized by fruits with high eating quality and very long shelf life without alteration before and after harvesting, with a semi-sweet white flesh, with a slightly red pigmentation into the stone cavity and a star-shaped red pigmentation around the stone cavity, and an attractive luminous and homogenous skin with a high percentage of purple red blush on skin surface, on a light red background. 